BITSAT Syllabus

The BITSAT exam is based on NCERT books for 11^th and 12^th Standard. Registered candidates can also take up the sample BITSAT test at the BITS website, as many times as possible.

Physics

Part I

Units & Measurement

• Fundamental measurements in Physics (Vernier calipers, Physical Balance, Screw Gauge and more
• Dimensional Analysis
• Precision and Significant Figures
• Units (Various Systems of Units, SI Units, Fundamental and Derived Units)

Gravitation

• Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• Gravitational Potential Energy, Escape Velocity
• Motion of Planets – Kepler’s Laws, Satellite Motion

Impulse & Momentum

• Center of Mass
• Conservation of Momentum
• Collisions
• Definition of impulse and momentum
• Momentum of a system of particles

Kinematics

• Motion with Constant Acceleration
• Properties of Vectors
• Position, Velocity and Acceleration Vectors
• Projectile Motion
• Uniform Circular Motion

Oscillations

• Kinematics of simple harmonic motion
• Spring mass system, simple and compound pendulum
• Forced & damped oscillations, resonance

Newton’s Laws of Motion

• Circular motion – centripetal force
• Inertial and non-inertial frames
• Motion on an inclined plane
• Motion of blocks with pulley systems
• Newton’s laws (free body diagram, resolution of forces)
• Newton’s Laws of Motion

Work and Energy

• Conservative forces and potential energy
• Conservation of mechanical energy
• Kinetic energy and work-energy theorem
• Power
• Work done by a force

Mechanics of Solids and Fluids

• Bernoulli’s theorem
• Elasticity
• Pressure, density and Archimedes’ principle
• Viscosity and Surface Tension

Heat & Thermodynamics

• Kinetic theory of gases
• Thermal equilibrium and temperature
• Specific heat, Heat Transfer – Conduction, convection and radiation,  thermal conductivity, Newton’s law of cooling
• Work, heat and first law of thermodynamics
• 2nd  law of thermodynamics, Carnot engine – Efficiency and Coefficient of performance

Waves

• Doppler Effect
• Progressive sinusoidal waves
• Standing waves in strings and pipes
• Superposition of waves, beats

Rotational Motion

• Conservation of angular momentum
• Description of rotation (angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration)
• Moment of inertia, Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, rotational kinetic energy
• Rolling motion
• Rotational motion with constant angular acceleration
• Torque and angular momentum

Electrostatics

• Coulomb’s law
• Electric field  (discrete and continuous charge distributions)
• Electrostatic potential and Electrostatic potential energy
• Gauss’ law and its applications
• Electric dipole
• Capacitance and dielectrics (parallel plate capacitor, capacitors in series and parallel)

Current Electricity

• D.C Circuits – Resistors and cells in series and parallel, Kirchoff’s laws,  potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge
• Electrical Resistance (Resistivity, origin and temperature dependence of resistivity)
• Ohm’s law, Joule heating

Modern Physics

• Atomic models – Rutherford’s experiment, Bohr’s atomic model
• Dual nature of light and matter – Photoelectric effect, De Broglie wavelength
• Hydrogen atom spectrum
• Radioactivity
• Nuclear reactions: Binding Energy, Fission & Fusion

Magnetic Effect of Current

• Ampere’s law and its applications
• Biot-Savart’s law and its applications
• Lorentz force, force on current carrying conductors in a magnetic field

Electromagnetic Induction

• AC circuits, LCR circuits
• Alternating current
• Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, eddy currents
• Self and mutual inductance
• Transformers and generators

Optics

• Diffraction Due to a Single Slit
• Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Interference – Huygen’s Principle, Young’s double slit experiment
• Interference in Thin Films
• Laws of Reflection and Refraction
• Lenses and Mirrors
• Optical Instruments – Telescope & Microscope
• Polarization – States of Polarization, Brewster’s Law

Part II – Chemistry

States of Matter

• Measurement: Physical quantities and SI units, Dimensional analysis, Precision, Significant figures
• Chemical reactions: Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept; Atomic, molecular and molar masses; Percentage composition empirical & molecular formula; Balanced chemical equations & stoichiometry
• Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points
• Gaseous state: Gas Laws, ideal behavior, ideal gas equation, empirical derivation of gas equation,
• Avogadro number, Kinetic theory – Maxwell distribution of velocities, Average, root mean square and most probable velocities and relation to temperature, Diffusion; Deviation from ideal behaviour – Critical temperature, Liquefaction of gases, van der Waals equation.
• Liquid state: Vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity.
• Solid state: Classification; Space lattices & crystal systems; Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell – Cubic & hexagonal systems; Close packing; Crystal structures: Simple AB and AB2 type ionic crystals, covalent crystals – diamond & graphite, metals. Voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, Imperfections – Point defects, non-stoichiometric crystals
• Electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties; Amorphous solids – qualitative description. Band theory of metals, conductors, semi-conductors and insulators, and n- and p- type semi-conductors.

Atomic Structure

• Introduction: Radioactivity, Subatomic particles; Atomic number, isotopes and isobars, Thompson’s model and its limitations, Rutherford’s picture of atom and its limitations; Hydrogen atom spectrum and Bohr model and its limitations.
• Quantum mechanics: Wave-particle duality – de Broglie relation, Uncertainty principle; Hydrogen atom: Quantum numbers and wave functions, atomic orbitals and their shapes (s, p, and d), Spin quantum number.
• Many electron atoms: Pauli Exclusion Principle; Aufbau principle and the electronic configuration of atoms, Hund’s rule.
• Periodicity: Brief history of the development of periodic tables Periodic law and the modern periodic table; Types of elements: s, p, d, and f blocks; Periodic trends: ionization energy, atomic, and ionic radii, inter gas radii, electron affinity, electronegativity and valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.
• ·

Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

• Valence electrons, Ionic Bond: Lattice Energy and Born-Haber cycle; Covalent character of ionic bonds and polar character of covalent bond, bond parameters
• Molecular Structure: Lewis picture & resonance structures, VSEPR model & molecular shapes
• Covalent Bond: Valence Bond Theory- Orbital overlap, Directionality of bonds & hybridization (s, p & d orbitals only), Resonance; Molecular orbital theory-Methodology, Orbital energy level diagram, Bond order, Magnetic properties for homonuclear diatomic species (qualitative idea only).
• Metallic Bond: Qualitative description.
• Intermolecular Forces: Polarity; Dipole moments; Hydrogen Bond.

Thermodynamics

• Basic Concepts: Systems and surroundings; State functions; Intensive & Extensive Properties; Zeroth Law and Temperature
• First Law of Thermodynamics: Work, internal energy, heat, enthalpy, heat capacities and specific heats, Enthalpies of formation, phase transformation, ionization, electron gain;
• Thermochemistry; Hess’s Law, Enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, atomization, sublimation, solution and dilution
• Second Law: Spontaneous and reversible processes; entropy; Gibbs free energy related to spontaneity and non-spontaneity, non-mechanical work; Standard free energies of formation, free energy change and chemical equilibrium
• Third Law: Introduction

Physical and Chemical Equilibria

• Concentration Units: Mole Fraction, Molarity, and Molality
• Solutions: Solubility of solids and gases in liquids, Vapour Pressure, Raoult’s law, Relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression in freezing point; elevation in boiling point; osmotic pressure, determination of XV molecular mass; solid solutions, abnormal molecular mass, van’t Hoff factor. Equilibrium: Dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action
• Physical Equilibrium: Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas), Surface chemistry, Adsorption, Physical and Chemical adsorption, Langmuir Isotherm, Colloids and emulsion, classification, preparation, uses.
• Chemical Equilibria: Equilibrium constants (KP, KC), Factors affecting equilibrium, Le-Chatelier’s principle.
• Ionic Equilibria: Strong and Weak electrolytes, Acids and Bases (Arrhenius, Lewis, Lowry and Bronsted) and their dissociation; degree of ionization, Ionization of Water; ionization of polybasic acids, pH; Buffer solutions; Henderson equation, Acid-base titrations; Hydrolysis; Solubility Product of Sparingly Soluble Salts; Common Ion Effect.
• Factors Affecting Equilibria: Concentration, Temperature, Pressure, Catalysts, Significance of G and G0 in Chemical Equilibria.

Electrochemistry

• Redox Reactions: Oxidation-reduction reactions (electron transfer concept); Oxidation number; Balancing of redox reactions; Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard electrode potentials; EMF of Galvanic cells; Nernst equation; Factors affecting the electrode potential; Gibbs energy change and cell potential; Secondary cells; dry cells, Fuel cells; Corrosion and its prevention.
• Electrolytic Conduction: Electrolytic Conductance; Specific and molar conductivities; variations of conductivity with concentration , Kolhrausch’s Law and its application, Electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Coulometer; Electrode potential and electrolysis, Commercial production of the chemicals, NaOH, Na, Al, Cl2 & F2.

Chemical Kinetics

• Aspects of Kinetics: Rate and Rate expression of a reaction; Rate constant; Order and molecularity of the reaction; Integrated rate expressions and half life for zero and first order reactions.
• Factor Affecting the Rate of the Reactions: Concentration of the reactants, catalyst; size of particles, Temperature dependence of rate constant concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment); Activation energy; Catalysis, Surface catalysis, enzymes, zeolites; Factors affecting rate of collisions between molecules.
• Mechanism of Reaction: Elementary reactions; Complex reactions; Reactions involving two/three steps only.
• Surface Chemistry
• Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gasses on solids; catalysis: homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis, colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic multi molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis and coagulations

Hydrogen and s-block elements

• Hydrogen: Element: unique position in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes; Dihydrogen: preparation, properties, reactions, and uses; Molecular, saline, ionic, covalent, interstitial hydrides; Water: Properties; Structure and aggregation of water molecules; Heavy water; Hydrogen peroxide: preparation, reaction, structure & use, Hydrogen as a fuel
• s-block elements: Abundance and occurrence; Anomalous properties of the first elements in each group; diagonal relationships; trends in the variation of properties (ionization energy, atomic & ionic radii)
• Alkali metals: Lithium, sodium and potassium: occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and electrode potentials; Biological importance; Reactions with oxygen, hydrogen, halogens water and liquid ammonia; Basic nature of oxides and hydroxides; Halides; Properties and uses of compounds such as NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, KCl, and KOH.
• Alkaline earth metals: Magnesium and calcium: Occurrence, extraction, reactivity and electrode potentials; Reactions with O2, H2O, H2 and halogens; Solubility and thermal stability of oxo salts; Biological importance of Ca and Mg; Preparation, properties and uses of important compounds such as CaO, Ca(OH)2, plaster of Paris, MgSO4, MgCl2, CaCO3, and CaSO4; Lime and limestone, cement

p- d- and f-block elements

• General: Abundance, distribution, physical and chemical properties, isolation and uses of elements; Trends in chemical reactivity of elements of a group; electronic configuration, oxidation states; anomalous properties of first element of each group
• Group 13 elements: Boron; Properties and uses of borax, boric acid, boron hydrides & halides. Reaction of aluminum with acids and alkalis;
• Group 14 elements: Carbon: carbon catenation, physical & chemical properties, uses, allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerenes), oxides, halides and sulphides, carbides; Silicon: Silica, silicates, silicone, silicon tetrachloride, Zeolites, and their uses
• Group 15 elements: Dinitrogen; Preparation, reactivity and uses of nitrogen; Industrial and biological nitrogen fixation; Compound of nitrogen; Ammonia: Haber’s process, properties and reactions; Oxides of nitrogen and their structures; Properties and Ostwald’s process of nitric acid production; Fertilizers – NPK type; Production of phosphorus; Allotropes of phosphorus; Preparation, structure and properties of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids (elementary idea only) and halides of phosphorus, phosphine
• Group 16 elements: Isolation and chemical reactivity of dioxygen; Acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides; Preparation, structure and properties of ozone; Allotropes of sulphur; Preparation/production properties and uses of sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid; Structure and properties of oxides, oxoacids (structures only), hydrides and halides of sulphur
• Group 17 and group 18 elements: Structure and properties of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids of halogens (structures only); preparation, properties & uses of chlorine & HCl; Inter halogen compounds; Bleaching Powder; Uses of Group 18 elements, Preparation, structure and reactions of xenon fluorides, oxides, and oxoacids
• d-Block elements: General trends in the chemistry of first row transition elements; Metallic character; Oxidation state; ionization enthalpy; Ionic radii; Color; Catalytic properties; Magnetic properties; Interstitial compounds; Occurrence and extraction of iron, copper, silver, zinc, and mercury; Alloy formation; Steel and some important alloys; preparation and properties of CuSO4, K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, Mercury halides; Silver nitrate and silver
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  Published on 2016-03-17 11:47:42 by Sunita Devi. Last Modified on 2016-03-17 11:47:42