3. Explain about Narmada Bachao Andolan or Save Narmada Movement.

The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA), translated as "Save Narmada Movement," is a social movement that emerged in India in the 1980s. It primarily aims to protest against the construction of large dams on the Narmada River, one of the largest rivers in India, which flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.

The main point of contention revolves around the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, one of the largest dams planned as part of the Narmada Valley Development Project. Proponents argue that the dam would provide hydroelectric power, irrigation water, and other benefits to millions of people in the region. However, opponents, including activists, environmentalists, and affected communities, argue that the dam's construction would lead to severe environmental degradation, displacement of thousands of people, and disruption of livelihoods.

Led by social activist Medha Patkar, the NBA has been at the forefront of protests, advocating for the rights of those who would be displaced by the dam projects. The movement has employed various tactics, including rallies, hunger strikes, and legal battles, to raise awareness about the negative impacts of dam construction and to push for alternative development strategies that prioritize environmental sustainability and social justice.

Over the years, the NBA has gained international attention and support, drawing solidarity from environmental groups, human rights organizations, and concerned individuals worldwide. Despite facing challenges and setbacks, the movement has succeeded in highlighting the complexities and ethical dilemmas associated with large-scale development projects, sparking debates about the balance between economic development and environmental conservation, as well as the rights of marginalized communities.

While the Sardar Sarovar Dam and other projects on the Narmada River have continued to be built, the NBA's advocacy has led to increased scrutiny, mitigation measures, and compensation for affected communities. The movement remains active, advocating for the rights of those impacted by dam construction and promoting sustainable development practices in the Narmada Valley and beyond.