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Asked by Sanjay Last Modified
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Kkhometuition
Harpreet Kaur
IELTS, Interviewer, Spoken English trainer with 2 years of experience in IELTS industry.
The main causes of India's agricultural stagnation during the colonial period were:
(i) Land Revenue System under the British Rule: The Britishers in India established the zamindari system. Under this system, the zamindars were the permanent owners of the land. For their ownership rights, they were required to pay a fixed sum to the government as land revenue and they were given full freedom to charge any revenue they wanted from the tillers. The zamindars had lavish and extravagant lifestyles and they mercilessly exploited the poor tillers, and did nothing for their upliftment.
(ii) Lack of Resources: Because the tillers had to pay huge amounts of rent, they were not left with any surplus to be able to provide for resources needed in agriculture in the form of fertilisers or providing for irrigation facilities. This further lowered the agricultural productivity.
(iii) Commercialisation of Agriculture: Instead of producing food crops, farmers were producing cash crops, which were ultimately used by British industries. This further compounded the plight of the tillers. While earlier they were growing crops to meet their family needs, now they had to purchase from the market. This led to an increase in indebtedness and they were constantly borrowing from moneylenders and landlords at very high rates of interest. Production of indigo is a good example of the same.
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