01. Compare the solid and liquid states in terms of:
a. Rigidity of structure.
b. Long-range order.
c. Short-range order.
2. How do amorphous solids differ from crystalline solids in each characteristic? Which of the two types of solid is most similar to a liquid?
a. Rrigidity of structure
b. Long-range order
c. Short-range order
3. Why is the arrangement of the constituent atoms or molecules more important in determining the properties of a solid than a liquid or a gas?
4. Why are the structures of solids usually described in terms of the positions of the constituent atoms rather than their motion?
5. What physical characteristics distinguish a crystalline solid from an amorphous solid? Describe at least two ways to determine experimentally whether a material is crystalline or amorphous.
6. Explain why each characteristic would or would not favor the formation of an amorphous solid?
a. Slow cooling of pure molten material.
b. Impurities in the liquid from which the solid is formed.
c. Weak intermolecular attractiv e forces.
7. A student obtained a solid product in a laboratory synthesis. To verify the identity of the solid, she measured its melting point and found that the material melted over a 12°C range. After it had cooled, she measured the melting point of the same sample again and found that this time the solid had a sharp melting point at the temperature that is characteristic of the desired product. Why were the two melting points different? What was responsible for the change in the melting point?
