Learn Atoms and Molecules with Free Lessons & Tips

Hybridisation is a hypothetical concept which explains about the formation and structure of molecules.

Defination - the intermixing of atomic orbitals to produce symmetrical low energy containg hybrid orbitals is know as hybridisation.

There are following types of hybdridisations are there which involves s and p orbitals,

they are

1)sp-hybridisation

2)sp2- hybridization

3)sp3- hybridisation

The orbital diagram of hybridisation can be given below

An ion which has more than one atom is know as polyatomic ion.

Polyatomic ion is a group of atoms which has positively or negatively charged.

Polyatomic ion is a molecular ion, which has two or more atoms covalently bonded.

Examples-

Sulphate ion ()

Ammonium ion ( )

The combinations of elements to form compounds follow some intresting laws, known as "Laws of chemical combinations".

They are

1) law of conservations of mass.

2) law of definate proportions

3)law of multiple proportions

4)gay-lussacs law of gaseous volumes

5)avagadro law.

1) Law of conservation of mass: It was prposed by Antonie Lavoiser. It's states that matter neither can be created nor can be destroyed.It means that The masses of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction will be same.

ex:-

In the above reaction 12g of carbon (C) is reactiong with 32g of oxygen (O) to form 44g of carbon dioxide () that means 12g+32g =44g.

reactant side mass is 12g+32g =44g & product side mass is 44g.

2) law of constant proportions: It is also know as law of definite proportions. It states that a given compound always have exactly the same proportion of elements by weight, irrespective of the source of the compound.

ex:-

The chemical formula of water is .

If you collect the water from tap (or) from sea (or) from rain (or) from a pond, the chemical formula of water remains same as .

Best Regarads From,

HARISH MALLELA,

TUTOR PARTNER CHEMISTRY,

URBANPRO.  

An ion is an electrically charged atom or molecule resulting from the loss or gain of one or more electrons. There are two main types of ions:

1. Cations: These are positively charged ions formed by the loss of one or more electrons from a neutral atom. For example, Na+ (sodium ion) is formed by the loss of one electron from a neutral sodium atom.

2. Anions: These are negatively charged ions formed by the gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom. For example, Cl- (chloride ion) is formed by the gain of one electron by a neutral chlorine atom.

Ions are charged species, generated from nuetral atoms or molecules.

Ions are two types based ob their charge. They are

1)CATION

2)ANION

Explanation-

1)CATION- Ions which have more number protons(+vely charged) then elecrtons (-vely charged) are called

CATIONS (+VELY CHARGED IONS).

2)ANION- Ions which have more number electrons(-vely charged) then protons (+vely charged) are called ANIONS (-VELY CHARGED IONS)

THANK YOU.

BEST REGARDS FROM

HARISH MALLELA

To find the mass of 1.5 moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules, we first calculate the molar mass of CO2. The molar mass of CO2 is the sum of the atomic masses of carbon (C) and two oxygen (O) atoms, which is approximately 12 + 2(16) = 44 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of 1.5 moles of CO2 molecules is 1.5 × 44 = 66 grams.