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The largest oxidation number exhibited by an element depends on its outer electronic configuration. With which of the following outer electronic configurations the element will exhibit largest oxidation number?(a) 3d14s2 (b) 3d2 4s2 (c) 3d54s1 (d) 3d54s2"

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The largest oxidation number exhibited by an element depends on its ability to lose electrons from its outermost shell. In general, elements tend to attain a stable noble gas configuration by either losing or gaining electrons. Among the given options: (a) 3d¹⁴4s² corresponds to the electronic...
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The largest oxidation number exhibited by an element depends on its ability to lose electrons from its outermost shell. In general, elements tend to attain a stable noble gas configuration by either losing or gaining electrons.

Among the given options:

  • (a) 3d¹⁴4s² corresponds to the electronic configuration of a transition metal with a full dd subshell, which typically exhibits lower oxidation states.
  • (b) 3d²4s² corresponds to the electronic configuration of a transition metal with partially filled dd subshell, which allows for variable oxidation states.
  • (c) 3d⁵4s¹ corresponds to the electronic configuration of a transition metal with partially filled dd subshell and one electron in the 4s4s orbital, which allows for variable oxidation states.
  • (d) 3d⁵4s² corresponds to the electronic configuration of a transition metal with a partially filled dd subshell and two electrons in the 4s4s orbital, which also allows for variable oxidation states.

However, among the given options, option (b) 3d²4s² corresponds to an electronic configuration that typically exhibits the largest range of oxidation states because the dd orbitals are not completely filled, allowing for greater flexibility in losing or gaining electrons. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

 
 
 
 
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