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Asked by Bharamani Last Modified
Answer When concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4H2SO4) is added to an inorganic mixture containing chloride (Cl−Cl−) ions, it reacts with the chloride ions to form hydrogen chloride (HClHCl) gas. This reaction occurs because sulfuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent and can liberate hydrogen chloride gas from chloride-containing compounds such as metal chlorides or hydrochloric acid. The reaction can be represented as follows:
2 HCl+H2SO4→Cl2+SO2+H2O2 HCl+H2SO4→Cl2+SO2+H2O
In this reaction, concentrated sulfuric acid removes water from the hydrochloric acid (2HCl2HCl) present in the mixture, producing chlorine gas (Cl2Cl2), sulfur dioxide gas (SO2SO2), and water (H2OH2O). Since chlorine gas is colorless, the resulting gas is also colorless.
On the other hand, when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to an inorganic mixture containing bromide (Br−Br−) ions, it reacts with the bromide ions to form bromine (Br2Br2) vapor. Bromine vapor is red-orange in color, which gives the characteristic red color observed in the reaction. The reaction between sulfuric acid and bromide ions can be represented as follows:
2 HBr+H2SO4→Br2+SO2+H2O2 HBr+H2SO4→Br2+SO2+H2O
In this reaction, concentrated sulfuric acid removes water from the hydrobromic acid (2HBr2HBr) present in the mixture, producing bromine vapor (Br2Br2), sulfur dioxide gas (SO2SO2), and water (H2OH2O). The red color of bromine vapor distinguishes it from the colorless hydrogen chloride gas formed in the reaction with chloride ions.
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