Where does peptide bond formation occur in a bacterial ribosome and how?(i) Name the scientist who suggested that the genetic code should be made of a combination of three nucleotides.

Peptide Bond Formation in Bacterial Ribosome

1. Location of Peptide Bond Formation:

• Peptide bond formation occurs in the P-site (Peptidyl site) of the bacterial ribosome during protein synthesis.

2. Process of Peptide Bond Formation:

• Initiation:

  • The process begins with the initiation complex, where the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA.
  • The initiator tRNA carrying methionine occupies the P-site.

• Elongation:

  • Aminoacyl-tRNA molecules enter the A-site (Aminoacyl site), and their amino acids are transferred to the growing polypeptide chain.
  • The ribosome facilitates the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acid in the A-site and the growing chain in the P-site.

• Translocation:

  • The ribosome moves along the mRNA, shifting the tRNA and mRNA by one codon.
  • The uncharged tRNA exits the E-site (Exit site), and the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain shifts to the P-site.

• Termination:

  • The process continues until a stop codon is encountered.
  • Release factors bind to the stop codon, leading to the release of the completed polypeptide chain.

Scientist Behind the Genetic Code Concept

1. Contributions to Genetic Code Concept:

• The idea that the genetic code is composed of a combination of three nucleotides, known as triplet codons, was suggested by George Gamow.

2. Role of George Gamow:

• George Gamow, a prominent physicist and biochemist, proposed the triplet nature of the genetic code in the early 1950s.
• He hypothesized that three nucleotides in a sequence would code for a specific amino acid, laying the foundation for understanding the genetic code.

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