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Answered on 18 Apr Learn Unit 1-Matter - Its Nature & Behaviour
Sadika
Ice at 273 K (0°C) is more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature because of the process of phase change involved.
When ice absorbs heat energy, it undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid, known as melting. This process requires a significant amount of energy, known as the latent heat of fusion, to break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together in the solid state. As a result, the ice absorbs heat energy from its surroundings to undergo this phase change, leading to cooling of the surroundings.
On the other hand, water at the same temperature does not undergo a phase change when it absorbs heat energy. Instead, it absorbs the heat energy primarily through an increase in temperature, which leads to a relatively smaller decrease in the temperature of the surroundings compared to the phase change involved in melting ice.
Therefore, ice at 273 K is more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature because it absorbs more heat energy from its surroundings due to the phase change involved in melting, whereas water primarily absorbs heat energy through an increase in temperature.
Answered on 18 Apr Learn Unit 1-Matter - Its Nature & Behaviour
Sadika
Steam produces more severe burns than boiling water.
This is because steam has more heat energy per unit volume than boiling water. When steam comes into contact with the skin, it transfers a large amount of heat rapidly, causing more severe burns. Additionally, steam has the ability to penetrate deeper into the skin compared to boiling water, increasing the extent of tissue damage and the severity of the burn.
In contrast, while boiling water can cause burns upon contact, its heat transfer is limited by its lower temperature compared to steam, resulting in less severe burns compared to those caused by steam.
Answered on 18 Apr Learn Unit 1-Matter - Its Nature & Behaviour
Sadika
Ice floats on water due to the unique behavior of water molecules and the structure of ice crystals.
Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other, which are relatively strong intermolecular forces. When water freezes and forms ice, these hydrogen bonds arrange themselves in a hexagonal lattice structure. This structure results in ice being less dense than liquid water.
In the solid state, water molecules in ice are more spaced out compared to in liquid water. This is because the hydrogen bonds in the ice lattice hold the water molecules in a fixed, rigid arrangement, with open spaces between the molecules. As a result, the volume occupied by the ice is greater than that occupied by the same mass of liquid water.
Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the surface of water. When ice is placed in water, it displaces an amount of water equal to its own weight. Since ice is less dense, the weight of the water displaced is greater than the weight of the ice itself, causing the ice to float.
This property of ice floating on water is crucial for aquatic ecosystems and life forms living in bodies of water, as it allows for the formation of an insulating layer of ice on the surface of the water during cold weather, protecting aquatic life underneath from extreme cold temperatures.
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Sadika
Factors that affect evaporation include temperature, surface area, humidity, and air movement. Higher temperatures increase the rate of evaporation, as does increasing the surface area of the liquid exposed to the air. Lower humidity levels also promote evaporation, while air movement can carry away evaporated molecules, allowing more liquid molecules to escape into the air.
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Answered on 18 Apr Learn Matter in our surroundings
Sadika
The high compressibility property of gas is useful in various applications such as in pneumatic systems, gas cylinders, and scuba diving tanks. It allows gases to be compressed to much smaller volumes under pressure, enabling storage and transportation of large quantities of gases in relatively small containers.
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Answered on 18 Apr Learn Is Matter Around Us Pure?
Sadika
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Sadika
Ammonium chloride and sodium chloride can be separated by sublimation. Ammonium chloride undergoes sublimation, converting directly from a solid to a gas upon heating, while sodium chloride remains as a solid. Upon cooling, the ammonium chloride vapor condenses back into solid crystals, which can be collected separately from the sodium chloride.
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Answered on 18 Apr Learn Structure Of Atom
Sadika
Answered on 18 Apr Learn Structure Of Atom
Sadika
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Sadika
To find the mass of 1.5 moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules, we first calculate the molar mass of CO2. The molar mass of CO2 is the sum of the atomic masses of carbon (C) and two oxygen (O) atoms, which is approximately 12 + 2(16) = 44 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of 1.5 moles of CO2 molecules is 1.5 × 44 = 66 grams.
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